Validity in research refers to the extent researchers can be confident that the cause and effect they identify in their research are in fact causal relationships. If there is low validity in a study, it usually means that the research design is flawed and the results will be of little or no value. Four different aspects of validity should be considered when reviewing a research design: statistical conclusion validity, internal validity, construct validity, and external validity. In this Discussion, you consider the importance of each of these aspects in judging the validity of quantitative research.

To prepare:

Read the method section of one of the following quasi-experimental studies (also located in this week’s Learning Resources). Identify at least one potential concern that could be raised about the study’s internal validity. Metheny, N. A., Davis-Jackson, J., & Stewart, B. J. (2010). The effectiveness of an aspiration risk-reduction protocol. Nursing Research, 59(1), 18–25. Padula, C. A., Hughes, C., & Baumhover, L. (2009). Impact of a nurse-driven mobility protocol on functional decline in hospitalized older adults. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 24(4), 325–331. Yuan, S., Chou, M., Hwu, L., Chang, Y., Hsu, W., & Kuo, H. (2009). An intervention program to promote health-related physical fitness in nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(10), 1,404–1,411. Consider strategies that could be used to strengthen the study’s internal validity and how this would impact the three other types of validity. Think about the consequences of an advanced practice nurse neglecting to consider the validity of a research study when reviewing the research for potential use in developing an evidence-based practice.

Post the title of the study that you selected and your analysis of the potential concerns that could be raised about the study’s internal validity. Propose recommendations to strengthen the internal validity and assess the effect your changes could have with regard to the other three types of validity. Discuss the dangers of failing to consider the validity of a research study.

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Analyze Fiedler’s Contingency Theory and learn to identify the most effective leadership style to use in different situations.
In this assignment, you will analyze Fiedler’s Contingency Theory and learn to identify the most effective leadership style to use in different situations.

Using the South University Online Library or the Internet, conduct research to gain a greater understanding of Fiedler’s Contingency Theory.

Read the following scenario and analyze how this situation should be handled.

Scenario

John, a health management student completing an internship at Memorial Hospital, has been appointed chair of a multidisciplinary clinical taskforce by the hospital’s CEO. The taskforce will design a new operational system to reduce the waiting time of patients entering the hospital’s emergency room (ER). Although John had no clinical experience, he had successfully completed a course in operations management prior to beginning his internship and was excited to apply his new knowledge for solving a “real” problem for the hospital.

The hospital CEO told John that when a patient entered the hospital’s ER, it could take up to eight hours from the time the patient was initially triaged by a nurse to the time the patient was either discharged home or admitted as an inpatient by the physician. The CEO said, “Due to quality of patient care issues, this timeframe is unacceptable and the taskforce needs to come up with solutions to this problem. My goal is to reduce the “turnaround” time for the patient from eight hours to two hours.”

Prior to being assigned as the chair of this taskforce, John had informally observed the operations of the hospital’s ER and noted that many of the bottlenecks causing patient care delays were caused by operational issues such as nurses filling out duplicate forms and a lack of communication between the hospital departments (for example, radiology) when the ER physicians ordered tests or were waiting for test results to confirm their diagnoses. These bottlenecks caused a slow turnover of the ER’s examination rooms and unnecessary paperwork resulting in the ineffective use of both the physicians’ and nurses’ time.

In addition to John, the CEO assigned Dr. Smith, the medical director of the hospital’s ER, and Mary, the ER nurse manager, to the taskforce. As chair of the taskforce, John scheduled an initial meeting for 10:00 a.m., the following Monday. John was surprised that both Dr. Smith and Mary arrived twenty minutes late to the meeting saying that this was “taking valuable time away from their normal assignments.” John started the meeting by first introducing himself. Before this meeting, he had no interactions with Dr. Smith and Mary. He then reviewed the current statistics of the average wait time for a patient presenting to the ER and the hospital’s CEO desire to reduce this time. He then opened the meeting for comments and suggestions.

Dr. Smith spoke first, “In my opinion, the current operational systems that we have in place are just fine. We just need more ER physicians and examination rooms so that more patients can be seen.” Dr. Smith told John to recommend that the operational systems were good enough and that the hospital should build a new wing for additional ER exam rooms and hire more physicians.

Interrupting Dr. Smith, John said, “The hospital has a very limited capital budget and no funds have been allocated for building more facilities. We need to redesign the operational system to be more efficient and effective.” Dr. Smith gave John a stern look and reminded him that he, not John, was the medical director and therefore, knew what is needed and what is best for the hospital’s ER.

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Determine key roles that human resource management plays in the health care field.
Assignment 1: Human Resource Management Overview

Due Week 4 and worth 200 points

Using the course readings, articles, and your personal experiences, address the role of human resource management.

Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:

Assignment 1: Human Resource Management Overview
Due Week 4 and worth 200 points

Using the course readings, articles, and your personal experiences, address the role of human resource management.

Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:

Determine key roles that human resource management plays in the health care field.
Evaluate three to five (3-5) functions of human resource management in terms of their level of support to the health care field, and then select which one you believe is the primary function in furthering the health care field.
Analyze the role of human resource management in an organization’s strategic plan.
Use at least three (3) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

Appraise the aspects of managing human resources (HR) in health care organizations.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in health care human resources management.
Write clearly and concisely about health care human resources management using proper writing mechanics.
Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.

CATEGORIESQUESTIONS

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Adam is a 10-year-old scheduled for discharge from the Emergency Department after a bicycle incident resulted in a fractured right ulna and radius. His arm has been casted is immobilized and in a sling.

Adam is a 10-year-old scheduled for discharge from the Emergency Department after a bicycle incident resulted in a fractured right ulna and radius. His arm has been casted is immobilized and in a sling. Adam states My arm feels better now and I am sleepy. The pain medicine makes me feel like I will vomit. The RN is reviewing medications with Adam and his mother when the mother states We have a two (2) hour drive home from this emergency room. Can you give Adam something for nausea so he does not throw up in the car? The RN has already completed the discharge paperwork and the orthopedic physician who casted the arm has left the Emergency Department. The RN states No orders are available for Adam to have nausea medicine. I can give him another dose of pain medicine if you think that will help him sleep on the way home. Then he might not vomit.
Initial Discussion Post:
Base your initial post on your readings and research of this topic. Your initial post must contain a minimum of 250 words. References citations and repeating the question do not count towards the 250 word minimum.

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